Diagnostic and prognostic utility of D-dimer and heparin-binding protein in neonatal sepsis: A prospective case-control study

Table 3 Sepsis serological markers according to the causative organism, sepsis onset, gestational age and sepsis outcome, mean ± SD

Sepsis group (n = 45)	CRP (mg/L)	D-dimer (ng/mL)	HBP (ng/mL)
Causative organism
No growth (n = 17)	21.35 ± 16.16	1915.9 ± 1093.1	261.79 ± 147.93
Pneumococci (n = 5)	45.60 ± 31.06	2481.68 ± 682.1	439.56 ± 226.10
Staphylococcus (n = 7)	42.29 ± 34.40	3317.7 ± 2350.7	462.05 ± 290.22
Klebsiella (n = 5)	40.40 ± 37.80	2389.1 ± 1936.5	247.35 ± 210.26
Group beta Streptococci (n = 6)	42.83 ± 41.82	2028.4 ± 1443	405.01 ± 344.63
Enterobacter (n = 5)	41.60 ± 34.48	2623.1 ± 3104.9	341.47 ± 299.08
P value	0.39	0.80	0.41
Sepsis onset
Early onset (n = 21)	30.29 ± 33.23	2283 ± 1666.07	345.2 ± 249.2
Late onset (n = 24)	38.25 ± 26.68	2395.3 ± 1785.1	333.8 ± 235.2
P value	0.158	0.829	0.666
Gestational age
Term (n = 24)	63.08 ± 3.52	2647.3 ± 1674.9	387.75 ± 251.19
Preterm (n = 21)	50.76 ± 2.88	1995.2 ± 1727.3	283.37 ± 216.95
P value	0.13	0.07	0.15
Birth weight
Normal birth weight (n = 32)	39.37 ± 32.73	2535.1 ± 1879.8	362.13 ± 262.7
LBW (n = 11)	21.27 ± 17.8	1528.4 ± 755.4	300.16 ± 170.1
VLBW (n = 2)	30.0 ± 8.48	3749.2 ± 1126.6	182.85 ± 52.11
P value	0.252	0.91	0.754
Sepsis outcome
Survivors (n = 40)	33.05 ± 29.53	1933.2 ± 1181.6	317.1 ± 221.6
Nonsurvivors (n = 5)	46.40 ± 33.06	5621.3 ± 1873.7	514.8 ± 326.2
P value	0.33	< 0.0001	0.23
Effect size (Cohen's d)	0.43	2.35	0.7

LBW: Low birth weight; VLBW: Very low birth weight; CRP: C-reactive protein; HBP: Heparin binding protein.