Diagnostic and prognostic utility of D-dimer and heparin-binding protein in neonatal sepsis: A prospective case-control study

Table 2 Initial diagnosis, involved organisms, and antimicrobial type and duration, n (%)/mean ± SD

Initial diagnosis	Sepsis group (n = 45)		P value1	Controls (n = 45)	P value2
	Proven (n = 28)	Suspected (n = 17)
Respiratory disease
Respiratory distress syndrome	8 (28.5)	3 (17.6)	0.405	0.0	N/A
Pneumonia	8 (28.5)	8 (47.1)		0.0
Meconium aspiration	2 (7.1)	0.0		0.0
TTN	0.0	0.0		4 (8.9)
Gastrointestinal disease
Gastroenteritis	1 (3.6)	3 (17.6)	0.4	0.0	N/A
Necrotizing enterocolitis	2 (7.1)	0.0		0.0
Central nervous system
Infection	2 (7.1)	0.0	1.0	0.0	N/A
Ruptured meningocele	1 (3.6)	1 (5.9)		0.0
Others
Septic arthritis	2 (7.1)	0.0	0.467	0.0	N/A
Neonatal jaundice	5 (17.9)	4 (23.5)		37 (82.2)	< 0.0001
Antimicrobials
No treatment	0.0	0.0	0.002	42 (93.3)	< 0.0001
B-Lactam and aminoglycoside	4 (14.3)	7 (41.2)		3 (6.7)
B-Lactam and cephalosporins3	4 (14.3)	10 (58.8)		0.0
Aminoglycoside and carbapenem	3 (10.7)	0.0		0.0
Glycopeptide and carbapenem	17 (60.7)	0.0		0.0
Duration of antimicrobials (days)	15.8 ± 4.9	10.1 ± 2.2	0.04	1.5 ± 0.21	< 0.0001

¹Proven sepsis vs suspected sepsis.

²Sepsis group vs controls.

³Third generation.

N/A: Not applicable; TTN: Transient tachypnea of newborn.