Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus triples the odds of screening positive for eating disorders: A case-control study

Table 3 Comparison of the dietary intake between children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (n = 55) vs children with short stature (n = 55), n (%)

Nutrients		Total (n = 110)	T1DM (n = 55)	Short stature (n = 55)	Significance
Energy	Energy (kcal/day)	1576 (709)	1533 (736)	1659 (719)	0.41
Macronutri-ents	Carbohydrates (g/day)	189 (89)	196 (103)	181 (80)	0.54
	Proteins (g/day)	65 (36)	63 (35)	65 (39)	0.45
	Sugars (g/day)	55 (44)	54 (43)	56 (51)	0.62
	Dietary fiber (g/day)	14.9 (10.4)	16 (12)	12 (9.0)	0.08
	Total fats (g/day)	67 (46)	66 (41)	74 (43)	0.12
Fatty acids	MUFA (g/day)	23 (21)	22 (16)	24 (25)	0.11
	PUFA (g/day)	10.5 (9.7)	9.9 (9.3)	11 (10.4)	0.58
	SFA (g/day)	23 (16)	22 (18)	24 (15)	0.24
	Trans-fatty-acids (g/day)	0.85 (0.9)	0.8 (0.7)	1.1 (0.9)	0.09
	Cholesterol (g/day)	179 (207)	170 (221)	179 (195)	0.54
	n-3 fatty acids (g/day)	1.1 (1.0)	1.1 (0.9)	1.2 (1.0)	0.38
Amino-acids	Isoleucine (g/day)	2.25 (1.8)	2.2 (1.6)	2.45 (1.9)	0.47
	Leucine (g/day)	4.1 (2.8)	4.0 (2.8)	4.3 (3.5)	0.44
	Methionine (g/day)	1.15 (1.0)	1.1 (0.8)	1.2 (1.0)	0.44
	Phenylalanine (g/day)	2.35 (1.6)	2.3 (1.5)	2.5 (1.9)	0.61
	Tryptophan (g/day)	0.6 (0.5)	0.6 (0.4)	0.6 (0.5)	0.53
	Valine (g/day)	2.6 (2.0)	2.6 (1.7)	2.85 (2.2)	0.58
Vitamins	Vitamin B12 (μg/day)	2.9 (2.5)	3.0 (2.5)	2.8 (2.4)	0.98
	Folic acid (μg/day)	376 (262)	370 (272)	388 (266)	0.99
	Vitamin A (μg/day)	295 (300)	312 (299)	262 (270)	0.38
	Vitamin C (mg/day)	30.5 (54)	31 (51)	29.4 (62)	0.92
	Vitamin D (IU/day)	126 (161)	131 (180)	124 (143)	0.64
	Vitamin E (mg/day)	6.15 (6.2)	5.8 (5.6)	6.8 (6.8)	0.42
	Vitamin K (μg/day)	36 (59)	36 (88)	36 (49)	0.38
Minerals	Calcium (mg/day)	758 (544)	790 (538)	739 (555)	0.72
	Copper (mg/day)	0.8 (0.5)	0.85 (0.6)	0.7 (0.5)	0.13
	Iron (mg/day)	11.3 (6.9)	12.2 (7.2)	9.9 (6.9)	0.48
	Phosphorus (mg/day)	886 (470)	872 (449)	902 (542)	0.85
	Potassium (mg/day)	1879 (1054)	1860 (1050)	1890 (1001)	0.93
	Sodium (mg/day)	1999 (1254)	1954 (1049)	2084 (1456)	0.22
	Zinc (mg/day)	6.7 (4.7)	6.8 (3.7)	6.7 (6.4)	0.73

Results are presented as median and interquartile range. P values derived from Mann-Whitney test. MUFA: Mono-unsaturated fatty acids; PUFA: Poly-unsaturated fatty acids; SFA: Saturated fatty acids; T1DM: Type 1 diabetes mellitus.