Juvenile arthritis damage index predicts poor response to biological treatment: A prospective cohort study

Table 3 Baseline comparison of the studied population, with and without damage, n (%)

Parameter	JADI (+ ve), n = 60	JADI (- ve), n = 52	P value
Age at study inclusion, years, IQR	11.6 (7.5-15.4)	13.1 (9-16.1)	0.244
Sex, females	36 (60.0)	29 (55.7)	0.651
JIA category, according to the ILAR[3]
Oligoarthritis	23 (38.0)	19 (36.5)	0.845
Polyarthritis	21 (35.0)	7 (13.5)	0.017
Psoriatic arthritis	4 (7.0)	4 (8.0)	0.834
Enthesitis-related arthritis	12 (20.0)	22 (42.0)	0.019
JIA onset age, years, IQR	8.7 (3-12)	10.1 (6.9-13.1)	0.079
Diagnosis delay, moths, IQR	3.9 (1-12)	4 (1.5-10)	0.560
JIA duration, years, IQR	2.3 (0.8-4.5)	1.6 (0.9-3.2)	0.360
Time before non-biologic DMARDs, months, IQR	5 (2-14)	6 (2.2-23)	0.491
ANA positivity (> 1:320)	27 (45.0)	13 (25.0)	0.027
RF-positivity	6 (10.0)	2 (3.8)	0.207
ACCP-positivity	6 (10.0)	1 (1.9)	0.078
Enthesitis	6 (10.0)	14 (26.9)	0.019
Uveitis	6 (10.0)	4 (7.7)	0.669
Arthritis of ≥ 5 joints at onset	15 (25.0)	5 (9.6)	0.034
Number of past nbDMARDs
No	3 (5.0)	5 (9.6)	0.345
One	47 (78.3)	37 (71.2)	0.512
Two	10 (16.7)	9 (17.3)	0.872
Three	0 (0)	1 (1.9)	0.943
No episodes of nbDMARDs therapy interruption	45 (75.0)	41 (78.8)	0.631
Past corticosteroid treatment	11 (18.3)	6 (11.5)	0.314
Past corticosteroid treatment duration	-	-	0.622
< 3 months	8 (13.3)	5 (9.6)	-
≥ 3 months	3 (5.0)	1 (1.9)	-
Corticosteroid treatment duration, IQR	1 (0.3-6)	1.8 (0.2-2.6)	0.802
Remission duration ≥ 6 months in the past	5 (8.3)	5 (9.6)	0.812
Active joints, IQR	9 (6-17.5)	6 (4-8)	< 0.001
Swollen joints, IQR	8 (6-15)	5 (3-7.5)	< 0.001
Painful joints, IQR	8 (5.5-15)	6 (3.5-8)	0.001
Joints with limited ROM, IQR	3 (2-4.5)	2 (1.5-2)	< 0.001
Parental/patient VAS (cm), IQR	7 (5-7)	2 (1.5-2)	0.045
MDVAS (cm), IQR	7 (7-8)	6 (4-8)	< 0.001
ESR (mm/hour), IQR	10 (5-24)	11 (5.5-19)	0.896
С-reactive protein (mg/L), IQR	1.8 (0.3-10.5)	1.5 (0.2-5.6)	0.512
JADAS71, IQR	23.5 (20-34.2)	19.1 (15-25)	< 0.001
CHAQ, IQR	0.4 (0-0.8)	0 (0-0.3)	0.003
X-ray changes	47/60 (78.3)	32/52 (61.5)	-
Early signs	25/47 (53.2)	29/47 (90.6)	0.002
Erosions	8/47 (17.0)	2/47 (6.3)	0.286
Ankylosis	14/47 (29.8)	1/47 (3.1)	0.008
MRI-changes	51/60 (85.0)	44/52 (84,6)	< 0.001
Bone marrow edema	26/51 (51.0)	40/44 (90.9)	-
Erosions	25/51 (49.0)	4/44 (9.1)	-

+ ve: Positive; - ve: Negative; JADI: Juvenile arthritis damage index; JIA: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis; DMARDs - Disease-modified antirheumatic drugs; ILAR: International League of Associations of Rheumatology; ANA: Antinuclear antibody; RF: Rheumatoid factor; ACCP: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide; nbDMARDs: Non-biologic disease-modified antirheumatic drugs; ROM: Range of the motion; VAS: Visual-analogue scale; MDVAS: Physician’s visual-analogue scale; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; JADAS: Juvenile arthritis disease activity score; CHAQ: Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; IQR: Interquartile range.