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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Clin Pediatr. Sep 9, 2025; 14(3): 106778
Published online Sep 9, 2025. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v14.i3.106778
Published online Sep 9, 2025. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v14.i3.106778
Table 4 Summary of studies on modified dental tools and techniques for managing dental disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder using the PICO framework
Ref. | Population | Intervention | Comparison | Outcome | Study design | Key findings | Study quality rating |
Dangulavanich et al[31], 2017 | Children with ASD (n = 95) | Evaluated cooperation during dental treatment based on sensory processing factors and behavioral characteristics | None | Age, education, behavior before treatment significantly influenced cooperation | Cross-sectional study | Older children (11–18 years) and those in special education showed better cooperation | Moderate quality |
Narzisi et al[32], 2020 | Children with ASD (n = 59) | ICT-based intervention (MyDentist) to familiarize children with dental settings | Conventional dental visits | Improved oral hygiene and cooperation during treatment | Feasibility study | ICT interventions can enhance dental care acceptance without pharmacological interventions | Moderate quality |
Octavia et al[33], 2025 | Children with ASD (n = 37) | Structured-visual behavioral model for compliance and cooperation | Standard dental approach | Improved cooperation and compliance during dental exams | Quasi-experimental study | 75% achieved the highest cooperation scores on the Frankl Behavior Scale (FBS) | Moderate quality |
Mah and Tsang[34], 2016 | Children with ASD (n = 14) | Visual schedule system for dental visits | Tell-show-do method | Faster task completion and lower behavioral distress | RCT | Visual schedules improved dental visit success rates | High quality |
Isong et al[35], 2014 | Children with ASD (n = 80) | Electronic screen media to reduce dental anxiety | No media intervention | Decreased anxiety and improved behavior during dental visits | RCT | Video peer modeling and video goggles reduced fear and increased cooperation | High quality |
Cenzon et al[36], 2022 | Dental hygiene students | SVT for ASD patient management | No SVT training | Improved confidence and knowledge in treating ASD patients | Pilot study | Virtual training enhances ASD dental care preparedness | Moderate quality |
Thomas et al[37], 2018 | Parents of children with ASD (n = 17) | Parental experiences with dental care access and needs | None | Identified need for flexible dental environments and better communication | Qualitative study | Family-centered care and dentist-parent communication are crucial | Moderate quality |
Wibisono et al[38], 2016 | Children with ASD & caretakers | Use of dental visit pictures as communication tools | None | Positive perception of visual aids for dental preparation | Qualitative study | Pictures enhanced understanding of dental visits among ASD children | Moderate quality |
Cagetti et al[39], 2015 | Children with ASD (n = 83) | Visual supports-based dental care protocol | Standard dental care | Increased acceptance of dental procedures | Observational study | Non-verbal children benefitted from visual training | Moderate quality |
Naidoo and Singh[40], 2020 | Children with ASD | Dental communication board for improved communication | No communication board | Enhanced interaction between children and dentists | Mixed-methods study | Visual communication tools facilitated dental visits | Moderate quality |
Nilchian et al[41], 2017 | Children with ASD (n = 6-12 years) | Visual pedagogy for dental check-ups | Standard approach | Increased compliance with dental check-ups | RCT | Visual pedagogy improved cooperation in dental visits | High quality |
- Citation: Al-Beltagi M, Al Zahrani AA, Mani BS, Hantash EM, Saeed NK, Bediwy AS, Elbeltagi R. Challenges and solutions in managing dental problems in children with autism. World J Clin Pediatr 2025; 14(3): 106778
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2219-2808/full/v14/i3/106778.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v14.i3.106778