Current status of nitrous oxide use in pediatric patients

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics

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2219-2808

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Opinion Review

World J Clin Pediatr. Mar 9, 2022; 11(2): 93-104
Published online Mar 9, 2022. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v11.i2.93

Table 1 Advantages and disadvantages of nitrous oxide use for anesthesia

Advantages	Disadvantages
Analgesia	Low potency
Reduced awareness	Risk of diffusion hypoxia
Colorless and odorless	PONV [risk ratio 1.21 (CI: 1.04-1.40); P = 0.014]²
Inexpensive (Rs 50/patient)¹	Ability to expand air filled cavities
Faster onset and emergence (elimination half-life 5 min)	Increases cuff pressure of ETT and LMA
Minimal metabolism (< 0.004%)	Hematological/neurological toxicity
Cardiorespiratory stability	Immune deficiency?
Prevents CPSP	Reproductive effects
Treatment-resistant refractory depression	Myocardial ischemia?
	Greenhouse gas
	Apoptosis in developing brains

¹Cost of nitrous oxide used in dentistry in Indian rupees per patient.

²Risk ratio for the overall effect of nitrous oxide on postoperative nausea/vomiting.

PONV: Postoperative nausea/vomiting; CPSP: Chronic postsurgical pain; ETT: Endotracheal tube; LMA: Laryngeal mask airway; CI: Confidence interval.

Citation: Gupta N, Gupta A, Narayanan M R V. Current status of nitrous oxide use in pediatric patients. World J Clin Pediatr 2022; 11(2): 93-104
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2219-2808/full/v11/i2/93.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v11.i2.93

Gupta N, Gupta A, Narayanan M R V. Current status of nitrous oxide use in pediatric patients. World J Clin Pediatr 2022; 11(2): 93-104 [PMID: 35433304 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v11.i2.93]

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