Corrosive upper gastrointestinal strictures in children: Difficulties and dilemmas

Table 2 Clinical features of corrosive ingestion

Symptoms of acute corrosive ingestion
Organ system
Skin	Burning sensation and pain on face, mostly perioral
Respiratory tract	Cough, difficulty in breathing, aphonia or dysphonia, chest pain, cynosis. Aspiration of large volume of corrosive may lead to endobronchial inflammation, necrosis and mediastinitis
Gastrointestinal tract	Oral burn, hypersalivation, nausea, vomiting (with or without blood), retrosternal and upper abdomen pain, dysphagia. Rarely perforation of gastrointestinal tract may happen and present with abdominal distension, tenderness and rigidity
Symptoms after gastrointestinal stricture formation
Esophageal	Vomiting, dysphagia, hematemesis, acute obstruction due to food impaction at stricture site, growth failure
Pyloric	Non-bilious stale food vomiting, upper abdominal distension, growth failure