Interactions between traffic air pollution and glutathione S-transferase genes on childhood asthma

Table 3 Association of ambient NO₂ and glutathione S-transferases genotypes with asthma phenotypes

	Asthma		Early-onset asthma		Late-onset asthma		Active asthma		Asthma under medication		Wheeze
	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI
NO2	1.03	(0.80, 1.32)	1.03	(0.76, 1.39)	1.1	(0.72, 1.66)	1.16	(0.82, 1.65)	1.33	(0.87, 2.03)	1.08	(0.88, 1.32)
GSTP1
Co-dominant model
Ile/Ile	1		1		1		1		1		1
Ile/Val	0.98	(0.75, 1.28)	0.99	(0.71, 1.38)	1.01	(0.64, 1.61)	1.01	(0.69, 1.49)	0.94	(0.59, 1.49)	1.03	(0.82, 1.28)
Val/Val	0.80	(0.41, 1.57)	0.50	(0.18, 1.39)	1.47	(0.62, 3.51)	1.07	(0.45, 2.54)	1.30	(0.50, 3.34)	0.99	(0.59, 1.66)
Dominant model
Ile/Ile	1		1		1		1		1		1
Ile/Val or Val/Val	0.96	(0.74, 1.24)	0.93	(0.68, 1.29)	1.07	(0.69, 1.66)	1.02	(0.70, 1.48)	0.98	(0.63, 1.52)	1.02	(0.82, 1.27)
Additive model
Val allele	0.95	(0.76, 1.18)	0.89	(0.67, 1.17)	1.11	(0.78, 1.58)	1.02	(0.75, 1.39)	1.02	(0.71, 1.48)	1.01	(0.85, 1.21)
GSTM1
Null	0.89	(0.69, 1.13)	0.83	(0.62, 1.13)	0.94	(0.62, 1.43)	0.88	(0.62, 1.26)	0.81	(0.54, 1.23)	0.99	(0.81, 1.22)
GSTT1
Null	1.18	(0.92, 1.51)	1.29	(0.95, 1.75)	1.04	(0.69, 1.58)	1.43	(1.00, 2.03)	1.47	(0.96, 2.23)	1.16	(0.95, 1.42)

Models are adjusted for age, sex, family income, parental education, parental history of atopy, number of siblings, in utero exposures to maternal smoking, environmental tobacco smoke at home, gestational age and dampness at home.