Visual outcomes following pediatric cataract surgery at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Ghana

Table 3 Details about the cataract surgery grouped by male vs female children, n (%)

Variable	Total	Females	Males
	N = 163 (100%)	N = 67 (41.1%)	N = 96 (58.1%)
Age group (years)
< 2	62 (38.0)	23 (34.3)	39 (40.6)
2 ≤ 10	86 (52.8)	31 (46.3)	50 (52.0)
10-15	15 (9.20)	13 (19.4)	7 (7.3)
Year of surgery
2019	35 (21.5)	14 (20.9)	21 (21.9)
2020	51 (31.3)	21 (31.3)	30 (31.3)
2021	77 (47.2)	32 (47.8)	45 (46.9)
Type of cataract
Congenital	92 (56.4)	30 (44.8)	62 (64.6)
Developmental	31 (19.0)	17 (25.4)	14 (14.6)
Traumatic	26 (16.0)	13 (19.4)	13 (13.5)
Not specified	14 (8.6)	7 (10.4)	7 (7.3)
State of cataract (morphology)
Cortical	3 (1.8)	2 (3.0)	1 (1.0)
Dense	14 (8.6)	6 (9.0)	8 (8.3)
Nuclear	2 (1.2)	1 (1.5)	1 (1.0)
Polar	2 (1.2)	0 (0.0)	2 (2.1)
Not specified	142 (87.1)	58 (86.6)	84 (87.5)
Laterality
Bilateral	94 (57.7)	35 (52.2)	59 (61.5)
Unilateral	69 (42.3)	32 (47.8)	37 (38.5)
Affected eye
Both eyes	94 (57.7)	35 (52.2)	59 (61.5)
Left eye	29 (17.8)	13 (19.4)	16 (16.7)
Right eye	40 (24.5)	19 (28.4)	21 (21.9)
Presenting ocular co-morbidity
Yes	14 (8.60)	5 (7.5)	9 (9.4)
No	149 (91.4)	62 (92.5)	87 (90.6)
Strabismus
Right eye	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Left eye	1 (0.6)	0 (0.0)	1 (1.0)
Both eyes	1 (0.6)	1 (1.5)	0 (0.0)
Nystagmus
Right eye	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Left eye	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Both eyes	7 (4.3)	2 (3.0)	5 (5.2)
Glaucoma
Right eye	1 (0.6)	1 (1.5)	0 (0.0)
Left eye	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Both eyes	2 (1.2)	1 (1.5)	1 (1.0)
Corneal opacity
Right eye	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Left eye	1 (0.6)	0 (0.0)	1 (1.0)
Both eyes	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Leukocoria
Right eye	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Left eye	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Both eyes	1 (0.6)	1 (1.0)	0 (0.0)
Keratometry
Yes	163 (100.0)	67 (41.1)	96 (58.9)
No	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Type of surgical procedure
Small incision	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Phacoemulsification	163 (100.0)	67 (41.1)	96 (58.9)
IOL inserted	163 (100.0)	67 (41.1)	96 (58.9)
Postoperative surgical results
Postoperative complications
Yes	16 (9.8)	7 (10.4)	9 (9.4)
No	147 (90.2)	60 (89.6)	87 (90.6)
Glaucoma
Right eye	1 (0.6)	0 (0.0)	1 (0.6)
Left eye	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Both eyes	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Decentered IOL
Right eye	3 (1.8)	1 (1.5)	2 (2.1)
Left eye	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Both eyes	2 (1.2)	0 (0.0)	2 (3.0)
Posterior capsular opacification
Right eye	5 (3.1)	3 (4.5)	2 (2.1)
Left eye	1 (0.6)	1 (1.5)	0 (0.0)
Both eyes	4 (2.5)	1 (1.5)	3 (3.3)
Postoperative complication intervention
Centering IOL	4 (2.5)	2 (3.0)	2 (2.1)
Centering IOL and YAG laser	2 (1.2)	1 (1.5)	1 (1.0)
No intervention needed	148 (90.8)	60 (89.6)	88 (91.7)
Patching	1 (0.6)	1 (1.5)	0 (0.0)
YAG laser	8 (4.9)	3 (4.5)	5 (5.2)
Refraction
Yes	44 (27.0)	17 (25.5)	27 (28.1)
No	119 (73.0)	50 (74.6)	69 (71.9)
Refraction (corrected)
Myopia, add	21 (12.9)	11 (16.4)	10 (10.4)
Mixed (Myopia & Astigmatism)	3 (1.8)	3 (3.1)	0 (0.0)
Mixed (Myopia & Astigmatism), add	3 (1.8)	2 (3.0)	1 (1.0)
Myopia	17 (10.4)	4 (6.0)	13 (13.5)

IOL: Intraocular lens.