Serial elongation-derotation-flexion casting for children with early-onset scoliosis

Table 1 Outcome of patients with infantile and juvenile scoliosis treated by serial casting (to date, there are only two studies available reporting outcomes in patients with juvenile scoliosis[12,13])

Ref.	IS or JS	No. of patients	Idiopathic/non-idiopathic	Delay in surgery	% of surgery
Scott and Morgan[26]	IS	28	-	NA	NA
James et al[28]	IS	212	-	NA	NA
Lloyd-Roberts and Pilcher[29]	IS	100	-	NA	NA
Conner[27]	IS	61	-	NA	NA
Mehta[30]	IS	64	64/0	NA	NA
Ceballos et al[31]	IS	113	113/0	3.5 yr	NA
Mehta[10]	IS	941/422 (136)	100/36	111 yr	0%1
				82 yr	35.7%2
Sanders et al[21]	IS	55	41/14	2.1 yr	17%
Smith et al[34]	IS	17	NA	NA	30%
Fletcher et al[15]	IS	29	12/17	3.3 yr	28%
Baulesh et al[32]	IS	36	19/17	2.1 yr	31%
Waldron et al[22]	IS	20	8/12	18 mo	40%
Johnston et al[33]	IS/JS	27	11/16	20 mo	55%
van Hessem et al[14]	JS	7	7/0	4.6 yr	0%
Canavese et al[13]	JS3	44	36/8	2 yr	15%4
					25%5
					33%6
Demirkiran et al[46]	Congenital scoliosis7	11	NA	2.1 yr	0%

¹Children treated before age 2 years;

²Children treated after age 2 years and 6 mo;

³Preliminary results;

⁴Cast under general anesthesia and neuromuscular-blocking drugs;

⁵Cast under general anesthesia alone;

⁶Cast with patients awake;

⁷Preliminary results; average patient age at time of cast application was 3 years and 4 mo. IS: Infantile scoliosis; JS: Juvenile scoliosis; NA: Not available.