Single rod instrumentation in patients with scoliosis and co-morbidities: Indications and outcomes

Figure 3 Patient with a severe infantile idiopathic thoracic scoliosis. A: Initial postero-anterior spinal radiograph at age 2 years shows a very severe thoracic scoliosis; B: Initial lateral spinal radiograph at age 2 years shows increased thoracic kyphosis. The patient was treated with placement of a concave growing rod construct followed by 21 consecutive lengthening procedures; C: Postero-anterior spinal radiograph at age 13 years when she underwent the definitive posterior spinal fusion with the use of a single concave rod construct; D: Postero-anterior spinal radiograph at latest follow-up (end of spinal growth) shows no evidence of recurrence of the deformity and no crankshaft effect with a globally balanced spine; E: Lateral spinal radiograph shows good global balance in the sagittal plane at skeletal maturity.