Systematic review of dynamization vs exchange nailing for delayed/non-union femoral fractures

Table 4 Nonunion/delayed union information including secondary surgery information

	Exchange nailing		Dynamization		EN vs dynam
	Union/total reported	Significant vs total union rate	Union/total reported	Significant vs total union rate	P-values
No. of patients	556/644	-	84/131	-	P < 0.0001
Reamed vs unreamed
Reamed	516/598	NS	NA	-	-
Unreamed	19/22	NS	NA	-	-
Static vs dynamic
Dynamic	97/115	NS	NA	-	-
Static	173/210	NS	NA	-	-
No locking (/Kuntschner)	35/36	NS	NA	-	-
Delayed union	25/27	NS	45/55	P = 0.0228	P = 0.3199
Nonunion (+type)	491/567	NS	24/57	P = 0.0063	P < 0.0001
Elephant	6/7	NS	0/0	-	-
Horse	12/18	P = 0.0310	0/0	-	-
Oligotrophic	22/22	NS	16/22	NS	P = 0.0211
Hypotrophic	9/13	NS	0/0	-	-
Atrophic	80/99	NS	5/12	NS	P = 0.0064
Hypertrophic	72/83	NS	9/11	NS	NS
Bone grafting used
Yes	98/106	NS	2/2	NS	NS
No	165/190	NS	32/53	NS	P < 0.0001
Infected	19/30	P = 0.0019	0/0	-	-
Patients lost to follow-up	28	-	4	-	-
Major complications following surgery	45	-	13	-	NS
Patients achieving union after additional surgery vs surgeries attempted	82/92	-	34/34	-	-

NA: Not available; NS: Not significant.