Understanding the medial ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow: Review of native ligament anatomy and function

Table 3 Maximum valgus reported when the anterior bundle is transected in various studies with noted elbow position and load applied during testing

Ref.	Specimens	Maximum valgus gain (degrees)	Maximum absolute valgus	Elbow flexion (degrees)	Load (nm)
Ahmad et al[8] 2004	7	7.37	-	30	2
Callaway et al[3] 1997	28	3.2	-	90	2
Floris et al[25] 1998	18	5.7	-	30	0.75
Morrey et al[4] 1991	6	3.9	-	20	gravity
Safran et al[5] 2005	12	6.3	-	50	2
Sojbjerg et al[29] 1987	12	-	11.8	70	1.5

Some studies reported gain in valgus from physiologic state, while others noted absolute valgus.