Return to sport following tibial plateau fractures: A systematic review

Table 5 Fractures treated by frame application - only patients with follow-up data included

Ref.	n	Study design	Mean follow-up	Treatment	Mode of injury	Fracture types	Report of IA injuries	IA injury repair	Coleman score	Return rate	Return rate by treatment modality	Return rate to same level of sport	Return time (range)	Rate of union	Time to union (range)
Ahearn et al[12] (2014)	15	RCS	41 mo	Frame and IF (15) Non-Bridging Frames (15)	Falls RTA Pedestrian	Schatzker VI (Bicondylar)	No	Not reported	62	11/15 (73%)	Frame and IF: 11/15 (73%)	3/15 (20%)	N/A	15/15 (100%)	N/A
Chin et al[20] (2005)	18	RCS	28 mo	Frame and IF (16) Arthro Frame (2) Bridging Frames (3) Non-Bridging Frames (15)	RTA Pedestrian Falls Skiing Cycling	Schatzker V and VI	No	Not reported	61	15/18 (83%)	Frame and IF: N/A Arthro Frame: N/A	7/18 (39%)	N/A	15/18 (83%)	14 (11-22) wk
Canadian Orthopaedic Trauma Society[11] (2006)	33	RCT	24 mo	Frame and IF (33) Bridging Frames (4) Non-Bridging Frames (29)	Falls RTA Pedestrian Sports Work Cycling	Schatzker V and VI	Yes	Yes	74	10/33 (30%)	Frame and IF: 10/33 (30%)	10/33 (30%)	N/A	N/A	N/A
Itokazu et al[24] (1996)	1	RCS	30 mo	Arthro Frame (1) Non-Bridging Frame (1)	N/A	Hohl II and III	Yes	Yes	49	1/1 (100%)	Arthro Frame: 1/1 (100%)	1/1 (100%)	N/A	1/1 (100%)	N/A
Katsenis et al[21] (2005)	46	RCS	38 mo	Frame and IF (46) Bridging Frames (30) Non-Bridging Frames (16)	RTA Falls	Schatzker V and VI AO/OTA C1-3	Yes	Not reported	72	25/46 (54%)	Frame and IF: 25/46 (54%)	N/A	N/A	45/46 (98%)	13.5 (11-18) wk
Katsenis et al[22] (2009)	127	RCS	60 mo (minimum)	Frame and IF (127) Bridging and Non-Bridging Frames (127)	RTA (96) Falls (29) Sports (2)	AO/OTA C1-3	Yes	Not reported	68	68/127 (54%)	Frame and IF: 68/127 (54%)	N/A	N/A	126/127 (99%)	13.7 (10-20) wk
Weigel et al[23] (2002)	22	RCS	98 mo	Frame and IF (22) Non-Bridging Frames (22)	RTA (16) Fall (3) Pedestrian (2) Assault (1) Sport (1) Crush (1)	Schatzker II, IV, V and VI AO/OTA C1-3	No	Not reported	54	7/22 (32%)	Frame and IF: 7/22 (32%)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

Mean values unless otherwise stated. RCS: Retrospective cohort study; PF: Plate fixation, PSF: Percutaneous screw fixation; APSF: Arthroscopic Percutaneous screw fixation; Arthro Frame: Arthroscopic-assisted frame application; Arthro Frame and IF: Arthroscopic-assisted frame application with internal fixation; RTA: Road traffic accident; AO/OTA: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association; N/A: Data not available; IA: Intra-articular.