Evaluation of bone remodeling in regard to the age of scaphoid non-unions

Table 1 Summary of the histological features with the range of time of their appearance

Histological feature		Immunohistochemical findings
		Osteocalcin							OP
		Yes(n)	Range of time (mo)		No(n)	Range of time (mo)		Not assessable(n)	Yes(n)	Range of time (mo)		No(n)	Range of time (mo)		Not assessable (n)
Non-union	Chondrocytes	1	12	12	35	4	144	-	25	4	144	11	6	60	-
	ECM	0	-	-	36	4	144	-	34	4	144	2	15	24	-
Underlying bone	Osteoblasts	31	6	144	4	4	22	1	34	4	144	2	9	15	-
	Osteoclasts	2	8	29	33	4	144	1	33	4	85	2	9	15	1
	Osteocytes	32	6	144	4	4	15	-	34	4	144	2	9	15	-
	Osteoid	13	7	28	23	4	144	-	321	4	85	41	14	144	-
	Cement lines	33	4	144	3	7	15	-	8	7	144	28	4	85	-
Resorptive bone cysts	Mesenchymal Cells	-	-	-	15	4	60	21	11	4	24	5	9	60	20
	ECM	-	-	-	15	4	60	21	15	4	60	1	15	15	20
Fibrous bone cysts	Mesenchymal cells	1	15	15	12	7	54	23	10	7	54	7	4	28	19
	ECM	1	15	15	12	7	54	23	12	7	54	5	4	24	19
Hyaline cartilage	Typical	33	4	144	2	9	12	1	34	4	144	1	15	15	1

The underlying bone’s osteoid showed significantly more often OP-immunoreactivity in younger (18.5 ± 17.9 mo) than in older SNU (50.5 ± 62.7 mo) (¹P = 0.02). ECM: Extracellular matrix; OP: Osteopontin; SNU: Scaphoid non-unions.