Predictors of spine deformity progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A systematic review with meta-analysis

Table 5 Summary table of meta-analysis of association between studied characteristics and progressive adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Studiedcharacteristics	Study	Participants	Heterogeneity		Summary statistics			P value	Level of evidence (GRADE)
	(n)	(n)	I2(%)	Level	Pooled odds ratio	95% confident limits
						Lower	Upper
Age (< 13 yr)	3	760	59	Moderate	2.7	1.8	4.6	0.001	Low
Osteopenia	3	686	51	Moderate	2.8	1.4	5.6	0.005	Low
Brain stem dysfunction	1	28	NA	NA	24.0	2.4	240.3	0.007	Very low
Multiple indices1	7	1057	35	Moderate	9.6	6.1	15.2	< 0.001	Low
Curve pattern	4	607	59	Moderate	2.3	1.2	4.6	0.017	Low
Curve progression during bracing	1	85	NA	NA	33.2	4.0	272.9	0.001	Very low
Initial Cobb angle	8	3719	90	High	7.6	4.2	13.6	< 0.001	Low
Melatonin signaling	2	89	0	Low	6.5	1.1	38.2	0.037	Low
Platelet calmodulin	2	72	39.9	Moderate	39.9	2.2	735.9	0.013	Low
Premenarche	6	980	64	High	4.0	2.0	7.9	< 0.001	Low
Rib-vertebral angle	1	113	NA	NA	5.6	2.2	13.9	< 0.001	Very low
Skeletal immaturity	4	891	50	Moderate	2.8	1.6	4.8	< 0.001	Low
SNP CALM1	1	67	NA	NA	1.7	1.0	2.9	0.036	Very low
SNP ER1	2	379	63	High	2.4	1.3	4.7	0.009	Low
SNP IGF1	1	340	NA	NA	2.1	0.9	4.5	0.054	Very low
SNP IL17RC	1	312	NA	NA	1.5	0.9	2.4	0.074	Very low
SNP NTF3	1	120	NA	NA	3.3	1.0	10.9	0.050	Very low
SNP TPH1	1	312	NA	NA	2.1	1.0	4.4	0.052	Very low
SNPs(53), ScoliScore test	2	713	0	Low	17.2	7.1	41.5	< 0.001	Low
Gi proteins functional status	1	956	NA	NA	2.6	1.9	3.7	< 0.001	Very low

¹Multiple indices included combinatorial radiographic, demographic, and physiologic characteristics. NA: Not available; SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphism; CALM1: Calmodulin 1; ER1: Estrogen receptor 1; IGF1: Insulin-like growth factor 1; IL17RC: Interleukin-17 receptor C; NTF3: Neurotrophin 3; TPH1: Tryptophan hydroxylase 1.