Surgical advances in the treatment of neuromuscular scoliosis

Table 1 Incidence

Diagnosis	Incidence of scoliosis
Cerebral palsy	25% (GMFCS I and II) to 100% (GMFCS IV and V)
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease	30%
Myelodysplasia	60% (lumbar level) to 100% (thoracic level)
Spinal muscular atrophy	70%
Friedreich ataxia	80%
Duchenne muscular dystrophy	90%1
Paralysis from spinal cord injury	100%

The incidence of neuromuscular scoliosis is variable. Among patients with neuromuscular disorders, the probability of developing scoliosis is inversely correlated with ambulatory ability, with a reported risk ranging from 80% to 100% in non-ambulatory patients.

¹Corticoids have lowered this percentage[47].