New paradigms for identifying predisposition to bone injuries in young athletes: Significant keys for rapid diagnostics

Figure 8 The dysplastic features characteristic of recurrent bone injury. The dysplastic phenotype of individuals predisposed to bone re-injury was characterized by a predominance of ten dysplastic signs, including gothic palate, narrow facial skeleton, dolichostenomelia, arachnodactyly, chest deformities (infundibular or keel-shaped), non-joint hypermobility, keloid scars, limb paresthesia, and painful muscle spasms and cramps. The presence of each of these characteristic dysplastic features is significant and substantially increases the risk of developing the predisposition to bone injuries.