Evaluation of an opioid-sparing protocol for spine surgeries performed in an ambulatory surgery center

doi:10.5312/wjo.122060

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World Journal of Orthopedics

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2218-5836

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Retrospective Cohort Study

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World J Orthop. Aug 18, 2026; 17(8): 122060
Published online Aug 18, 2026. doi: 10.5312/wjo.122060

Table 6 Subgroup analysis of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion perioperative and 30-day outcomes, n (%)/mean ± SD/median (25^th-75^th percentile)

	Usual care (n = 49)	Opioid-sparing protocol (n = 20)	P value
Perioperative ASC outcomes
Intraoperative MME¹	35.0 (25.0-50.0)	27.5 (25.0-46.3)	0.466
Minutes in OR	116.6 ± 19.8	116.3 ± 17.4	0.955
PACU opioids	44 (89.8)	13 (6.0)	0.034
PACU MME¹	7.5 (5.0-15.0)	5.0 (0.0-11.6)	0.076
LOS hours	6.7 ± 1.0	6.3 ± 0.8	0.040
Postoperative MME¹	140.0 (140.0-210.0)	30.0 (30.0-30.0)	< 0.001
30-day postoperative outcomes
Call back for pain	12 (24.5)	6 (30.0)	0.864
ED return	8 (16.3)	2 (10.0)	0.712²
Readmission	1 (2.0)	0 (0)	1²
ED return/readmission for pain	2 (4.1)	0 (0)	1²
Additional opioids prescribed	8 (16.3)	2 (10.0)	0.712²

¹Non-normally distributed data presented as median (25^th-75^th percentile), Mann Whitney U test.

²Denotes Fisher’s Exact test.

ASC: Ambulatory surgery center; MME: Morphine milligram equivalents; OR: Operating room; PACU: Post-anesthesia care unit; LOS: Length of stay; ED: Emergency department.

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Citation: Parker J, Brennan JC, Johnson AH, Peterman MA, Turcotte JJ, Patton CM. Evaluation of an opioid-sparing protocol for spine surgeries performed in an ambulatory surgery center. World J Orthop 2026; 17(8): 122060
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v17/i8/122060.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.122060

Parker J, Brennan JC, Johnson AH, Peterman MA, Turcotte JJ, Patton CM. Evaluation of an opioid-sparing protocol for spine surgeries performed in an ambulatory surgery center. World J Orthop 2026; 17(8): 122060 [DOI: 10.5312/wjo.122060]

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