Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Orthop. Aug 18, 2026; 17(8): 122060
Published online Aug 18, 2026. doi: 10.5312/wjo.122060
Published online Aug 18, 2026. doi: 10.5312/wjo.122060
Table 1 Patient demographics, comorbidities, and surgical details
| Demographics/comorbidities | All patients (n = 290) |
| Age (years) | 55.1 ± 13.5 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.6 ± 5.1 |
| Gender | |
| Male | 158 (54.5) |
| Female | 132 (45.5) |
| Race | |
| Black | 27 (9.3) |
| White | 246 (84.8) |
| Other | 17 (5.9) |
| CCI score | 1.6 ± 1.7 |
| ASA score | |
| 1 | 21 (7.2) |
| 2 | 193 (66.6) |
| 3 | 76 (26.2) |
| Depression/anxiety | 131 (45.2) |
| Chronic opioid use | 15 (5.2) |
| Current smoker | 34 (11.7) |
| Former smoker | 80 (27.6) |
| Surgical details | |
| Surgery type | |
| Anterior cervical fusion | 69 (23.8) |
| Lumbar laminectomy/discectomy | 190 (65.5) |
| Posterior lumbar fusion | 31 (10.7) |
| Operative levels | |
| 1 | 244 (84.1) |
| 2 | 46 (15.9) |
- Citation: Parker J, Brennan JC, Johnson AH, Peterman MA, Turcotte JJ, Patton CM. Evaluation of an opioid-sparing protocol for spine surgeries performed in an ambulatory surgery center. World J Orthop 2026; 17(8): 122060
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v17/i8/122060.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.122060