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Basic Study
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Orthop. Jul 18, 2026; 17(7): 121157
Published online Jul 18, 2026. doi: 10.5312/wjo.121157
Table 1 Comparative analysis of biomechanical outcomes by groups, mean ± SD/median (interquartile range)

Control
Celecoxib
Efficacy of celecoxib: Operated control vs operated celecoxib
Control (operated vs non-operated)
Celecoxib (operated vs non-operated)

Non-operated limb
Operated limb
Non-operated limb
Operated limb
PEA-2 (º)136.7 ± 29.5107.5 ± 11.6122.9 ± 28.6124.5 ± 28.6P = 0.259P = 0.065P = 0.891
PEA-4 (º)153.4 ± 24.0112.8 ± 35.2145.0 ± 35.5136.5 ± 29.4P = 0.129P = 0.011P = 0.566
PEA-8 (º)159.1 ± 22.6123.7 ± 34.0167.1 ± 37.0162.4 ± 34.8P = 0.026P = 0.044P = 0.769
PEA-failure (º)204.6 (33.6)138.1 (33.4)229.4 (17)222.5 (24.6)P = 0.015P = 0.043P = 0.247
Failure torque (N·cm)18.4 ± 8.921.2 ± 8.9)32.3 ± 9.938.8 ± 11.1P = 0.002P = 0.588P = 0.187
Elastic torque (N·cm)13.1 ± 8.919.8 ± 8.929.1 ± 11.734.7 ± 11.6P = 0.009P = 0.063P = 0.294
Stiffness (N·cm/º)0.3 (0.4)0.5 (0.4)0.6 (0.4)0.8 (0.8)P = 0.637P = 0.293P = 0.579
Energy (N·cm·º)1.1 (1.4)0.9 (2.4)2.2 (1.8)3.7 (2.2)P = 0.050P = 0.463P = 0.089


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