Management and outcome of blunt traumatic brachial plexus injuries in adult trauma patients: A retrospective study

Table 1 Descriptive analysis of traumatic brachial plexus injury (n = 36), n (%)/mean ± SD/median (interquartile range)

Variables	Value
Age (years)	28.6 ± 8.4
Males	34 (94.4)
Mechanism of injury
Motor vehicle crashes	15 (41.7)
Motorcycle/bike crashes	5 (13.9)
Fall from height	4 (11.1)
Fall of heavy object	4 (11.1)
Machinery	3 (8.3)
Pedestrian	1 (2.8)
Others	4 (11.1)
GCS ED	15 (3-15)
Injury Severity Score	13.7 ± 7.3
ISS	13 (9-17)
Revised Trauma Score	7.4 ± 1.2
TRISS	0.961 ± 0.105
Types of TBPI
Complete TBPI (pan-plexus)	19 (52.8)
Upper TBPI	11 (30.6)
Lower TBPI	6 (16.7)
Anatomical location of TBPI1
Nerve root	20 (55.6)
Trunk	7 (19.4)
Division	2 (5.6)
Cord	4 (11.1)
Branch	3 (8.3)
Side of injury
Right side	19 (52.8)
Left side	17 (47.2)
Concomitant injuries	30 (83.3)
Chest	15 (41.7)
Abdomen	5 (13.9)
Neck	4 (11.1)
Head	3 (8.3)
Fractures
Humerus	6 (16.7)
Clavicle	6 (16.7)
Ribs	5 (13.9)
Spine	5 (13.9)
Ulnar	4 (11.1)
Scapula	3 (8.3)
Radial	1 (2.8)
Dislocation
Shoulder	4 (11.1)
Elbow	1 (2.8)
Spine MRI	17 (47.2)
Head AIS	3.5 ± 2.1
Chest AIS	2.8 ± 0.9
Abdomen AIS	2.8 ± 0.8
Cervical spine AIS	2.1 ± 0.4
Lumbar spine AIS	2.0 ± 0.0
Thoracic spine AIS	2.0 ± 0.0
Upper extremity AIS	2.0 ± 0.0
Lower extremity AIS	2.4 ± 0.5

¹Two patients had nerve root and cord injury, and 2 patients had nerve root and branch injury.

TBPI: Traumatic brachial plexus injury; GCS ED: Glasgow Coma Scale at the emergency department; ISS: Injury Severity Score; AIS: Abbreviated injury; TRISS: Scale Trauma and Injury Severity Score.