Effects of hydrogen inhalation duration on symptom relief in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis: A pilot study

doi:10.5312/wjo.v17.i6.121358

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World Journal of Orthopedics

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2218-5836

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Orthop. Jun 18, 2026; 17(6): 121358
Published online Jun 18, 2026. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v17.i6.121358

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of subjects by arm in baseline

Variables	Total (n = 49)	LT group (n = 24)	ST group (n = 25)	P value
Age, years, mean (SD)	80.1 (5.8)	80.5 (5.6)	79.6 (6.1)	0.594
Sex, female	38 (77.6)	19 (79.2)	19 (76.0)	0.791
BMI, kg/m², mean (SD)	23.5 (2.9)	23.3 (2.9)	23.8 (2.9)	0.507
Affected side				0.012
Unilateral	30 (61.2)	5 (20.8)	14 (56.0)
Bilateral	19 (38.8)	19 (79.2)	11 (44.0)
KL grade				0.477
2	25 (51.0)	11 (45.8)	14 (56.0)
3	24 (49.0)	13 (52.4)	11 (44.0)
Duration of KOA, years, median (IQR)	20 (6, 29)	20 (6.3, 30)	20 (6, 20)	0.389
Education level				0.428
High school education or less	8 (16.3)	3 (12.5)	5 (20.0)
College degree	15 (30.4)	6 (25.0)	9 (36.0)
Bachelor degree or above	26 (53.1)	15 (62.5)	11 (44.0)
Cigarette smoking	2 (4.1)	0 (0)	2 (8.0)	-
Alcohol drinking	4 (8.2)	1 (4.2)	3 (12.0)	0.609
Medical history
Respiratory disease	13 (26.5)	4 (16.7)	9 (36.0)	0.125
Hypertension	35 (71.4)	18 (75.0)	17 (68.0)	0.588
Coronary heart disease	19 (38.8)	7 (29.2)	12 (48.0)	0.176
Gastrointestinal disease	11 (22.4)	5 (20.8)	6 (24.0)	0.791
Diabetes mellitus	13 (26.5)	7 (29.2)	6 (24.0)	0.682
Chronic kidney disease	1 (2.0)	1 (4.2)	0 (0)	-
Cancer	4 (8.2)	2 (8.3)	2 (8.3)	1.000
Cerebrovascular disease	11 (22.4)	4 (16.7)	7 (28.0)	0.342
Analgesics taken	73 (60.3)	39 (63.9)	34 (56.7)	0.414
Types of analgesics taken	32 (65.3)	14 (58.3)	18 (72.0)	0.315

Data are expressed as n (%), mean (SD) or median (IQR). BMI: Body mass index; KOA: Knee osteoarthritis; IQR: Interquartile range; LT: Long-term; ST: Short-term; KL: Kellgren-Lawrence.

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Citation: Wang CH, Li YR, Han L, Wang HQ, Jia SF, Liu XC, Wu H, Wu F, Wang BG. Effects of hydrogen inhalation duration on symptom relief in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis: A pilot study. World J Orthop 2026; 17(6): 121358
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v17/i6/121358.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v17.i6.121358

Wang CH, Li YR, Han L, Wang HQ, Jia SF, Liu XC, Wu H, Wu F, Wang BG. Effects of hydrogen inhalation duration on symptom relief in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis: A pilot study. World J Orthop 2026; 17(6): 121358 [DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v17.i6.121358]

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