Tibiotalocalcaneal fusion in Charcot ankle arthropathy: Technical and biological considerations

doi:10.5312/wjo.v17.i6.119597

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World Journal of Orthopedics

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2218-5836

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Orthop. Jun 18, 2026; 17(6): 119597
Published online Jun 18, 2026. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v17.i6.119597

Table 1 Stage-based management of Charcot neuroarthropathy

Stage	Clinical features	Main treatment
Stage 0	Warmth, swelling, subtle imaging changes	Immediate immobilization and offloading
Stage I	Fragmentation, active destruction	Non-removable knee-high offloading, close monitoring
Stage II	Coalescence	Protected progression, orthotic planning
Stage III	Consolidated deformity	Custom bracing or reconstruction if non-plantigrade/unstable

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Citation: Emara KM, Eissa MO. Tibiotalocalcaneal fusion in Charcot ankle arthropathy: Technical and biological considerations. World J Orthop 2026; 17(6): 119597
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v17/i6/119597.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v17.i6.119597

Emara KM, Eissa MO. Tibiotalocalcaneal fusion in Charcot ankle arthropathy: Technical and biological considerations. World J Orthop 2026; 17(6): 119597 [DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v17.i6.119597]

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