Subsidence following surgical stabilization of acromioclavicular joint injuries: Should we be concerned?

Table 1 Incidence of loss of reduction after acromioclavicular joint pinning, coracoclavicular screw fixation, hook plate, and tension band wiring in acute acromioclavicular joint disruptions

Ref.	Study design	n	Rockwood type	Technique	Mean follow-up	LOR/re-dislocation
Horst et al[53], 2013	Retrospective	11	Acute (III)	ACJ pinning	6-21 weeks	9.1% LOR
Leidel et al[54], 2009	Retrospective	70	Acute (III)	ACJ pinning	1-10 years	11% re-dislocation, 4% migration
Cetinkaya et al[56], 2017	Retrospective	32 (16 vs 16)	Acute (III)	Bosworth screw vs modified Phemister	93-96 months	Bosworth: 2/16; Phemister: 1/16
Darabos et al[57], 2015	RCT	68 (34 vs 34)	Acute (III)	Bosworth screw vs AC tight-rope	6 months	Bosworth: 11.8%; tight-rope: 5.9%
Bektaşer et al[55], 2004	Prospective	34	Acute (III)	Bosworth screw	35 months	8.8%
El-Shennawy et al[58], 2021	Retrospective	30	Acute (III-V)	TBW	1 year	6.8% partial LOR
Ozan et al[60], 2020	Retrospective	24	Acute (III)	TBW	3.5 years	45.8% residual subluxation
Lateur et al[59], 2016	Retrospective	25	Acute (IV, V)	TBW	12 years	2% LOR
Wang et al[65], 2024	Retrospective	58 (35 vs 23)	Acute (III, V)	Hook plate vs tight-rope	15.4 months	Hook plate: 2.9%; tight-rope: 4.3%
Ko et al[62], 2023	Prospective	61 (36 vs 25)	Acute (III-V)	Hook plate vs tight-rope	7 years	Hook plate: 16.7%; tight-rope: 28%
Amr[66], 2021	Prospective	64 (32 vs 32)	Acute (III-VI)	Hook plate vs reconstruction	64 months	Hook plate: 21.8%; reconstruction: 6.2% subluxation
Nie and Lan[63], 2021	Retrospective	112 (84 vs 28)	Acute (III-V)	Hook plate vs tight-rope	34 months	Hook plate: 11.9%; tight-rope: 7.1%
Shen et al[64], 2021	Retrospective	35 (19 vs 16)	Acute (III-V)	Hook plate vs tight-rope	27-30 months	Hook plate: 0%; tight-rope: 6.3%
Cai et al[61], 2018	Prospective	69 (39 vs 30)	Acute (III)	Hook plate vs tight-rope	12 months	Hook plate: 0%; tight-rope: 10%

LOR: Loss of reduction; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; ACJ: Acromioclavicular joint; AC: Acromioclavicular; TBW: Tension band wiring.