In knee osteoarthritis, what is the knee deformity threshold after which the ankle realigns beyond the neutral zone?

doi:10.5312/wjo.v17.i5.118547

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World Journal of Orthopedics

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2218-5836

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Orthop. May 18, 2026; 17(5): 118547
Published online May 18, 2026. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v17.i5.118547

Table 2 The association between ankle alignment and each knee deformity category

Knee alignment	Neutral ankle	Valgus ankle	Varus ankle	P value¹	Effect size²
Varus (n = 632)	203 (32.1)	43 (6.8)	386 (61.1)	< 0.001^a	0.19
Neutral (n = 171)	89 (52.0)	21 (12.3)	61 (35.7)
Valgus (n = 42)	18 (42.8)	12 (28.6)	12 (28.6)

¹Associations between knee and ankle alignment categories were analyzed using the Pearson χ² test.

²Effect size was quantified using Cramér’s V, interpreted as negligible (< 0.10), small (0.10-0.19), moderate (0.20-0.39), or strong (≥ 0.40).

^aP < 0.05 indicates statistical significance.

Data were presented as n (%).

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Citation: Khalifa AA, Lemma S, Fadle AA. In knee osteoarthritis, what is the knee deformity threshold after which the ankle realigns beyond the neutral zone? World J Orthop 2026; 17(5): 118547
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v17/i5/118547.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v17.i5.118547

Khalifa AA, Lemma S, Fadle AA. In knee osteoarthritis, what is the knee deformity threshold after which the ankle realigns beyond the neutral zone? World J Orthop 2026; 17(5): 118547 [DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v17.i5.118547]

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