Risk prediction models for re-fractures following hip fracture in older adults: A methodological evaluation

doi:10.5312/wjo.v17.i5.116449

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World Journal of Orthopedics

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2218-5836

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Meta-Analysis

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Orthop. May 18, 2026; 17(5): 116449
Published online May 18, 2026. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v17.i5.116449

Table 1 Study characteristics of the included studies, mean ± SD

Ref.	Country	Design (period)	Model design	Age (years), re-fracture vs normal	Incidence of re-fracture (%)	Sites of re-fracture
Wen et al[19], 2024	China	Prospective cohort (2018-2020)	D + V	75.51 ± 6.7 vs 72.01 ± 5.89	51/601 (8.49)	Contralateral
Guo[20], 2022	China	Case-control (2014-2020)	D + V	77.4	130/1645 (7.9)	Contralateral
Wu et al[9], 2025	China	Prospective cohort (2018-2020)	D + V	72.11 ± 8.978 vs 68.80 ± 8.57	158/1350 (11.7)	Ipsilateral
Kim et al[15], 2024	Korea	Retrospective cohort (2004-2020)	D + V	77.9 ± 8.4 vs 74.6 ± 13.9	135/1480 (9.1)	Ipsilateral
Liang et al[16], 2023	China	Retrospective cohort (2016-2020)	D + V	82.23 ± 6.52 vs 79 (70, 83)	52/734 (7.08)	Contralateral
Huang et al[17], 2024	China	Retrospective cohort (2009-2020)	D + V	66.01 (61.74-70.22) vs 65.06 (61.73-70.25)	8553/40357 (21.2)	Ipsilateral
Larrainzar-Garijo et al[10], 2024	Spain	Retrospective cohort (2011-2019)	D + V	82.77 ± 6.31 vs 83.88 ± 6.99	124/1960 (6.4)	Contralateral
Wang et al[18], 2025	China	Retrospective cohort (2018-2023)	D + V	79	53/629 (8.4)	Ipsilateral

D: Development; V: Validation.

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Citation: Qian M, Chen YX, Liu JJ, Yang HJ, Li GQ. Risk prediction models for re-fractures following hip fracture in older adults: A methodological evaluation. World J Orthop 2026; 17(5): 116449
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v17/i5/116449.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v17.i5.116449

Qian M, Chen YX, Liu JJ, Yang HJ, Li GQ. Risk prediction models for re-fractures following hip fracture in older adults: A methodological evaluation. World J Orthop 2026; 17(5): 116449 [DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v17.i5.116449]

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