Comparison of neurohormone and callus volume formation in long bone fractures associated with or without traumatic brain injury

doi:10.5312/wjo.v17.i5.116068

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World Journal of Orthopedics

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2218-5836

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Orthop. May 18, 2026; 17(5): 116068
Published online May 18, 2026. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v17.i5.116068

Table 4 Callus volume over time in patients with and without traumatic brain injury

Time point	Group	n	mean ± SD (cm³)	Statistic (test type)	P value	Significance
6 weeks post-injury	Without TBI	25	12.3 ± 28.0	t = -3.10 (t-test)	0.0058	Significant
6 weeks post-injury	With TBI	16	62.1 ± 60.2	t = -3.10 (t-test)	0.0058	Significant
12 weeks post-injury	Without TBI	25	22.1 ± 38.5	t = -3.20 (t-test)	0.0049	Significant
12 weeks post-injury	With TBI	16	98.2 ± 90.1	t = -3.20 (t-test)	0.0049	Significant

TBI: Traumatic brain injury.

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Citation: Mounisamy P, Singh H, Vairappan B, Rajasekar G, Chandrashekar S, Jeyaraman N, Jeyaraman M. Comparison of neurohormone and callus volume formation in long bone fractures associated with or without traumatic brain injury. World J Orthop 2026; 17(5): 116068
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v17/i5/116068.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v17.i5.116068

Mounisamy P, Singh H, Vairappan B, Rajasekar G, Chandrashekar S, Jeyaraman N, Jeyaraman M. Comparison of neurohormone and callus volume formation in long bone fractures associated with or without traumatic brain injury. World J Orthop 2026; 17(5): 116068 [DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v17.i5.116068]

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