Comparison of neurohormone and callus volume formation in long bone fractures associated with or without traumatic brain injury

doi:10.5312/wjo.v17.i5.116068

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World Journal of Orthopedics

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2218-5836

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Orthop. May 18, 2026; 17(5): 116068
Published online May 18, 2026. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v17.i5.116068

Table 2 Biochemical marker growth hormone over time in patients with and without traumatic brain injury

GH (pg/mL)	Group	n	mean ± SD	Statistic (test type)	P value	Significance
7 days	Without TBI	25	0.08 ± 0.06	t = -7.59 (t-test)	< 0.0001	Significant
7 days	With TBI	16	1.6 ± 0.8	t = -7.59 (t-test)	< 0.0001	Significant
6 weeks	Without TBI	25	0.55 ± 0.22	t = -4.79 (t-test)	< 0.0001	Significant
6 weeks	With TBI	16	8.1 ± 6.3	t = -4.79 (t-test)	< 0.0001	Significant
12 weeks	Without TBI	25	0.22 ± 0.09	t = -7.55 (t-test)	< 0.0001	Significant
12 weeks	With TBI	16	2.3 ± 1.1	t = -7.55 (t-test)	< 0.0001	Significant

GH: Growth hormone; TBI: Traumatic brain injury.

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Citation: Mounisamy P, Singh H, Vairappan B, Rajasekar G, Chandrashekar S, Jeyaraman N, Jeyaraman M. Comparison of neurohormone and callus volume formation in long bone fractures associated with or without traumatic brain injury. World J Orthop 2026; 17(5): 116068
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v17/i5/116068.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v17.i5.116068

Mounisamy P, Singh H, Vairappan B, Rajasekar G, Chandrashekar S, Jeyaraman N, Jeyaraman M. Comparison of neurohormone and callus volume formation in long bone fractures associated with or without traumatic brain injury. World J Orthop 2026; 17(5): 116068 [DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v17.i5.116068]

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