Xianling Gubao capsule alleviates osteoporosis: Modulation of gut-bone axis and Wnt signaling

Figure 12  Xianling Gubao capsule activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and suppresses peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression in bone tissue of ovariectomy rats. A: MRNA expression level of wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 3A in bone tissue; B: MRNA expression level of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta in bone tissue; C: MRNA expression level of β-catenin in bone tissue; D: MRNA expression level of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) in bone tissue; E: Representative western blot bands (left) and quantitative analysis (right) of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma protein expression in femoral tissue; F: Representative immunohistochemical staining images (20 × magnification) showing the protein expression and localization of RUNX2 and β-catenin in rat femoral sections; G: Quantitative analysis of RUNX2 and β-catenin protein expression based on immunohistochemical staining. The data are expressed as means ± SD (n = 3). ^bP < 0.01 vs ovariectomy group; ^cP < 0.001 vs ovariectomy group. Wnt3a: Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 3A; Sham: Sham-operated; OVX: Ovariectomy; XLGB-M: Xianling Gubao capsule-middle; RUNX2: Runt-related transcription factor 2; GSK3β: Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta.