Acute total knee arthroplasty for traumatic proximal tibial fractures: A systematic review

Table 3 Risk of bias assessment of the included studies

Ref.	Patient selection	Outcome measures	Intervention description	Follow-up adequacy	Statistical clarity	Overall ROB
Abdelbadie et al[28], 2020	Moderate	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
Asikin et al[29], 2022	High	Moderate	Moderate	High	Moderate	High
Boureau et al[30], 2015	High	Moderate	Low	High	Low	High
Haufe et al[31], 2016	High	Moderate	Low	High	Moderate	High
Hesmerg et al[32], 2024	Moderate	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
Huang et al[33], 2016	High	Low	Low	High	Low	High
Kadakia et al[34], 2007	High	Moderate	Moderate	High	Low	High
Mirzatolooei et al[35], 2021	High	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate	High
Sabatini et al[36], 2023	High	Low	Low	Moderate	Low	High
Sarzaeem et al[37], 2017	High	Low	Low	High	Low	High
Sivasubramanian et al[38], 2016	High	Moderate	Moderate	High	Low	High
Tapper et al[39], 2020	High	Moderate	Low	Moderate	Moderate	High
Vermeire and Scheerlinck[40], 2010	High	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Low	High
Wui et al[41], 2020	High	Moderate	Moderate	High	Moderate	High

Assessment was performed using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool items for observational case series, cohort, and cross-sectional studies (https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/study-quality-assessment-tools). ROB: Risk of bias.