Obesity and total ankle arthroplasty: Contraindication or consideration

Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

Ref.	Design	Level of evidence	Patients (n)	Age (years), mean	Gender (n of males)	Obese patients (n)	Mean follow-up
Bakaes et al[10], 2024	NSQIP database	III	2026	NR	NR	26	30 days
Barg et al[19], 2011	Single institution	IV	118	59.8 ± 11.6	61	118	67.7 ± 27.0 months
Best et al[17], 2022	NSQIP database	III	294	64 ± 12	132	133	30 days
Bouchard et al[21], 2015	Single institution	III	87	62.44 ± 8.42	39	39	3.92 years
Cottom et al[13], 2019	Single institution	III	97	66.4	43	44	26.3 months
Cunningham et al[16], 2018	Single institution	IV	1024	63 ± 10.5	528	278	90 days
Sy et al[15], 2025	NSQIP database	III	1704	52.2 ± 9.5	937	899	30 days
Gross et al[20], 2016	Single institution	III	455	62.5 ± 8.2	204	189	3.7 years
Jennison et al[11], 2023	National registry (United Kingdom)	III	5562	67.8 ± 10.1	3308	1497	5.0 years
Kim et al[6], 2023	Single institution	III	1093	63.7 ± 8.52	558	478	5.6 years
Kwon et al[18], 2023	NSQIP database	III	1333	63.3 ± 11.2	707	NR	30 days
Sambandam et al[14], 2023	NIS database	III	5087	65.1 ± 10.3	2748	1033	Inpatient
Schipper et al[5], 2016	Single institution	III	97	58.2 ± 9.1	52	49	8.2 ± 2.0 years
Werner et al[12], 2015	PearlDiver database	III	5361	NR	2593	1115	7.0 years (revision), 90 days (complications)

Values are presented as reported in the original studies. Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± SD. NR: Not reported; NSQIP: National Surgical Quality Improvement Program; NIS: National Inpatient Sample.