Objective functional assessment in orthopedics: The emerging role of wearable technologies

Table 1 Wearables in total joint arthroplasty

Ref.	Type of surgery	Device used	Key findings
Kuiken et al[59], 2004	TKA	Custom Goniometer	Patients had higher mean total activity rates on days they were not receiving device feedback compared to days they did receive feedback during TKA recovery, measured by ROM and mean activity rate
Kwasnicki et al[63], 2015	TKA	e-AR accelerometer (Imperial College London)	A rate of 89% accuracy was achieved in classifying patients into preoperative, normal, and 24-week postoperative groups based on outcomes, measured by TUG time and ROM
Toogood et al[53], 2016	THA	Fitbit accelerometer (Fitbit LLC)	Mean compliance over 30 days was 26.7 days, or 89%
Chiang et al[66], 2017	TKA	APDM OPAL	A rate of 17% of patients felt uncomfortable with the sensor belt, measuring patient satisfaction
Van der Walt et al[65], 2018	TKA/THA	Garmin Vivofit 2 accelerometer (Garmin Ltd)	Patients receiving device feedback had significantly higher mean daily step counts than those who did not receive device feedback
Saporito et al[64], 2019	THA	Custom accelerometer and barometer	Remote TUG can be estimated in older adults using 3-day of ADLs from a wearable pendant

TKA: Total knee arthroplasty; THA: Total hip arthroplasty; ROM: Range of motion; TUG: Timed Up and Go; ADLs: Activities of daily living.