Learning curve of total ankle replacement from the lateral approach

Figure 1 Preoperative radiographs and intraoperative steps of total ankle replacement using the lateral approach. A and B: Preoperative anteroposterior and lateral weight-bearing radiographs; C: The procedure begins with a lateral incision and exposure of the lateral malleolus; D: Oblique fibular osteotomy; E and F: An external fixation frame with transcalcaneal and talar pins is then applied to facilitate alignment; G and H: Final correction of the tibial axis in both the coronal and sagittal planes is confirmed under fluoroscopy.