Learning curve of total ankle replacement from the lateral approach

doi:10.5312/wjo.v17.i3.113708

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World Journal of Orthopedics

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2218-5836

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Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Orthop. Mar 18, 2026; 17(3): 113708
Published online Mar 18, 2026. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v17.i3.113708

Table 6 Quartile-based analysis (chronological segmentation)

Quartile (case order)	n	mean ΔEFAS ± SD	mean ΔMOXFQ ± SD	Interpretation
Q1 (cases 1-16)	16	14.6 ± 2.5	63.8 ± 20.8	Stable early improvement
Q2 (cases 17-32)	16	12.7 ± 5.3	60.9 ± 24.7	Slight variability, consistent trend
Q3 (cases 33-48)	16	13.5 ± 5.2	57.1 ± 25.9	Plateau maintained
Q4 (cases 49-65)	17	13.8 ± 5.5	62.7 ± 18.2	Sustained functional gain

Kruskal-Wallis: P = 0.42 (European Foot and Ankle Society); P = 0.47 (Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire). Spearman’s ρ = 0.09 for Δ European Foot and Ankle Society (P = 0.56); ρ = 0.12 for Δ Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (P = 0.43). EFAS: European Foot and Ankle Society; MOXFQ: Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire; SD: Standard deviation.

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Citation: Liszka H, Gądek A, Zięba AM, Surowiecka K, Kwiatkowski J, Kozioł T, Bochenek MS, Kwolek K. Learning curve of total ankle replacement from the lateral approach. World J Orthop 2026; 17(3): 113708
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v17/i3/113708.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v17.i3.113708

Liszka H, Gądek A, Zięba AM, Surowiecka K, Kwiatkowski J, Kozioł T, Bochenek MS, Kwolek K. Learning curve of total ankle replacement from the lateral approach. World J Orthop 2026; 17(3): 113708 [DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v17.i3.113708]

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