Psychological burden of bone and joint infections: Systematic review on mental health and quality of life implications

Table 1 Articles included into quantitative study

Ref.	Study design	n	Age (mean)	Sex	Type of infection	Anatomical site	Surgical treatment	Control group, if any
Wixted et al[15], 2022	Prospective	35	60	19 (M), 16(F)	PJI, SA, OM	Hip	R/A (Girdlestone)	United States general population
Walter et al[16], 2024	Prospective	29	71.4	14(M), 15(F)	PJI	Hip (14), knee (15)	DAIR (7), OSE (1), TSE (19), amputation (2)	NA
Walter et al[1], 2021	Retrospective	37	59.5	25 (M), 12 (F)	FRI	Humerus (5), femur (10), tibia (18), fibula (1), forearm (3)	NS	Normative data (general German population)
Walter et al[17], 2021	Retrospective	36	71.6	19 (M), 17(F)	PJI	Knee	DAIR (16), OSE (3), TSE (8), arthrodesis (9)	Normative data (general German population)
Knebel et al[18], 2020	Prospective	31	69	16 (M), 15 (F)	PJI	Knee	TSE	Normative data (general German population)
Maurer et al[8], 2022	Retrospective	25	55.5	18 (M), 7 (F)	FRI	Foot	NS	Normative data (general German population)
Lueck et al[19], 2022	Prospective	27	69.9	11 (M), 16 (F)	PJI	Hip (14), knee (13)	TSE	NA
Walter et al[20], 2021	Retrospective	13	43.9	8 (M), 5 (F)	FRI	Tibia	Gentamicin-coated intramedullary nail	Open tibial fractures, aseptic non - union
Klim et al[21], 2023	Ambispective	48	63.6	32 (M), 16 (F)	PJI (25), OM (23)	Hip (10), knee (14), shoulder (2), femur (7), tibia (11), foot (1), forearm (1), humerus (2)	Treatment-resistant PJI or OM, living with a natural or iatrogenic sinus tract	NA
Helwig et al[22], 2014	Retrospective	84	69	53 (M), 31 (F)	PJI	Hip (41), knee (43)	DAIR, OSE/TSE, R/A	NA
Walter et al[23], 2022	Retrospective	20	67.3	11 (M), 9 (F)	PJI (14), FRI (6)	Knee PJI (14), FRI (proximal tibia 4, distal femur 2)	Temporary arthrodesis with PMMA - coated intramedullary nail reinforced with cerclage wire	NA
Abulaiti et al[24], 2017	Prospective	35	35	21 (M), 14 (F)	OM	Tibia	Bone transport with external fixation ± membrane induction or bone grafting	NA

n: Number of patients included in the study; M: Male; F: Female; PJI: Periprosthetic joint infection; OM: Osteomyelitis; SA: Septic arthritis; R/A: Resection or arthrodesis; DAIR: Debridement, Antibiotics, and implant retention; OSE: One-stage exchange; TSE: Two-stage exchange; FRI: Fracture-related infection; NS: Not specified; NA: Not available; PMMA: Polymethyl methacrylate.