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Retrospective Cohort Study
©The Author(s) 2026.
World J Orthop. Feb 18, 2026; 17(2): 115188
Published online Feb 18, 2026. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v17.i2.115188
Figure 3
Figure 3 Proposed frailty-based clinical pathway for total knee arthroplasty in resource-limited settings. Patients are screened using the 11-item modified Frailty Index. Those with modified Frailty Index ≥ 0.27 undergo targeted, low-cost preoperative optimization and multidisciplinary review before proceeding to surgery with enhanced perioperative care. mFI: Modified Frailty Index; MNA-SF: Mini nutritional assessment-short form; TKA: Total knee arthroplasty; USD: United State Dollar; VTE: Venous thromboembolism.


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