Impact of preoperative frailty on complications, readmissions, and functional recovery following total knee arthroplasty in elderly patients

Table 2 Ninety-day postoperative complications between elderly total knee arthroplasty patients with preoperative frailty and a matched-control cohort

Complication	Frailty (%)	Control (%)	Odds ratio	95%CI	P value
Composite	21.1	9.2	2.61	2.05-3.32	< 0.001
Surgical site infection	5.3	1.8	3.12	2.18-4.46	< 0.001
Deep vein thrombosis	4.1	1.5	2.85	1.92-4.23	< 0.001
Pulmonary embolism	3.7	1.0	4.02	2.45-6.59	< 0.001
Periprosthetic fracture	2.0	0.8	2.56	1.45-4.52	0.001

It compares the percentage rate of 90-day complications and their respective adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95%CI and P value between the frail and control groups. Frail patients had significantly increased odds of all complications, including composite complications (OR = 2.61, P < 0.001), surgical site infection (OR = 3.12, P < 0.001), deep vein thrombosis (OR = 2.85, P < 0.001), pulmonary embolism (OR = 4.02, P < 0.001), and periprosthetic fracture (OR = 2.56, P = 0.001).