Orthopedic trinity: Arthroscopy, sports medicine, and regenerative orthopedics

Table 2 Salient features of orthopedic trinity

Specialty	Availability[34]	Infrastructure requirements[24]	Economic model[25]	Insurance coverage[37]	System integration[17]
Arthroscopy	Urban and corporate hospitals; scarce in smaller cities	Dedicated ORs; HD imaging; surgical teams; post-op rehab	High initial cost; predictable outcomes	Established for approved procedures	Tertiary care for complex surgeries
Sports medicine	Major sports academies; few formal training sites	Functional assessment tools; movement analysis; exercise therapy facilities	Moderate cost; long-term gains	Limited; requires policy development	Secondary care for injury management
Regenerative medicine	Growing presence; inconsistent standards	Laboratory prep; clean rooms; storage/handling; R&D infrastructure	Variable cost; outcome uncertainty	Minimal; pending robust efficacy evidence	Specialized research-clinical centers

HD: High definition; OR: Operating room; R&D: Research and development.