Necessity of grafting in scaphoid nonunion fixation: A comparative outcome analysis

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the study participants, n (%)/mean ± SD

Variables	All participants (n = 44)	Fixation groups			Grafting subgroups
		Graft-less group (n = 21)	Graft-augmented group (n = 23)	P value	NVBG subgroup (n = 12)	VBG subgroup (n = 11)	P value
Age (years)	28.9 ± 6.6	26.3 ± 5.5	31.4 ± 6.7	0.009a	30.2 ± 6.6	32.6 ± 6.9	0.4
Gender
Male	40 (90.9)	20 (95.2)	20 (87)		12 (100)	8 (72.7)
Female	4 (9.1)	1 (4.8)	3 (13)	0.6	0 (0)	3 (27.3)	0.09
Affected side
Right	26 (59.1)	12 (57.1)	14 (60.9)		6 (50)	8 (72.7)
Left	18 (40.9)	9 (42.9)	9 (39.1)	0.3	6 (50)	3 (27.3)	0.06
Dominance
Non-dominant	16 (36.4)	9 (42.9)	7 (30.4)		4 (33.3)	3 (27.3)
Dominant	28 (63.6)	12 (57.1)	16 (69.6)	0.4	8 (66.7)	8 (72.7)	1.00
Previous traumatic event	23 (52.3)	9 (42.9)	14 (60.9)	0.2	8 (66.7)	6 (54.5)	0.6
SNU duration (month)	13.5 ± 6.6	13.1 ± 6.7	13.8 ± 6.6	0.7	14.8 ± 5.4	12.7 ± 7.8	0.4
SNU duration
< 1 year	21 (47.7)	11 (52.4)	10 (43.5)		2 (16.7)	8 (72.7)
≥ 1 year	23 (52.3)	10 (47.6)	13 (56.5)	0.5	10 (83.3)	3 (27.3)	0.01a
Fracture type
Cystic	31 (70.5)	15 (71.4)	16 (69.6)		6 (50)	10 (90.9)
Linear	13 (29.5)	6 (28.6)	7 (30.4)	0.8	6 (50)	1 (9.1)	0.03a
Bone resorption
< 5 mm	22 (50)	14 (66.7)	8 (34.8)		7 (58.3)	1 (9.1)
≥ 5 mm	22 (50)	7 (33.3)	15 (65.2)	0.03a	5 (41.7)	10 (90.9)	0.01a
Nonunion site
Waist	23 (52.3)	14 (66.7)	9 (39.1)		8 (66.7)	1 (9.1)
Proximal pole	21 (47.7)	7 (33.3)	14 (60.9)	0.06	4 (33.3)	10 (90.9)	0.005a
Smoking	23 (52.3)	11 (52.4)	12 (52.17)	0.97	9 (75)	3 (27.3)	0.11

^aP < 0.05.

NVBG: Non-vascularized bone graft; VBG: Vascularized bone graft; SNU: Scaphoid nonunion.