Integrating Mendelian randomization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay validation identifies candidate mediators across the rheumatoid arthritis disease continuum

Figure 2 Forest plot of Mendelian randomization estimates for the causal effects of C-C motif chemokine ligand 28, CD40, interleukin-18 receptor 1, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 on rheumatoid arthritis risk. Effect sizes (odds ratios) and 95% confidence intervals are shown for the inverse-variance weighted, Mendelian randomization-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode estimators. CCL28: C-C motif chemokine ligand 28; CI: Confidence interval; IL-18R1: Interleukin-18 receptor 1; MMP-1: Matrix metalloproteinase-1; MR: Mendelian randomization; nsnp: Number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms; OR: Odds ratio.