Integrating Mendelian randomization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay validation identifies candidate mediators across the rheumatoid arthritis disease continuum

Figure 1 Description of the study design in this Mendelian randomization study. A: Mendelian randomization analyses depend on 3 core assumptions; B: Schematic of the study design. IVs: Instrumental variables; IVW: Inverse-variance weighted; kb: Kilobase; MR: Mendelian randomization; PRESSO: Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier; R²: Coefficient of determination; SNPs: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms.