Comparison of biportal endoscopic vs minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for single-level low-grade lumbar spondylolisthesis: A retrospective cohort study

Table 3 Comparison of clinical outcomes, n (%)/mean ± SD

Variable	BE-TLIF (n = 32)	MI-TLIF (n = 31)	MD/RD (95%CI)	Group × time interaction
VAS				F = 3.82, P = 0.007
Preoperative	7.86 ± 1.08	7.45 ± 1.03	0.41 (-0.17 to 0.99)
Postoperative 3 days	3.65 ± 0.78	4.32 ± 0.69	-0.67 (-1.08 to -0.26)	P = 0.0052
Postoperative 3 months	3.48 ± 0.51	3.64 ± 0.49	-0.16 (-0.43 to 0.11)
Postoperative 12 months	1.95 ± 0.84	2.06 ± 0.81	-0.11 (-0.57 to 0.35)
Final follow-up	0.91 ± 0.82	0.86 ± 0.80	0.05 (-0.40 to 0.50)
ODI				F = 0.52, P = 0.721
Preoperative	69.68 ± 5.65	71.48 ± 5.49	-1.80 (-5.49 to 1.89)
Postoperative 3 months	24.09 ± 2.78	24.23 ± 2.63	-0.14 (-1.56 to 1.28)
Postoperative 12 months	22.18 ± 4.91	21.84 ± 4.08	0.34 (-2.07 to 2.75)
Final follow-up	14.91 ± 3.22	15.77 ± 3.02	-0.86 (-2.42 to 0.70)
MCID achievement	25 (78.1)	23 (74.2)	3.9 (-17.1 to 24.9)	P = 0.7241

¹Bonferroni-corrected P values (adjusted significance threshold α = 0.01).

²Fisher’s exact test.

VAS: Visual analogue scale; ODI: Oswestry Disability Index; MD: Mean difference; RD: Risk difference; BE-TLIF: Biportal endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion; MI-TLIF: Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.