Outcomes of autologous bone grafts vs bone substitutes in tibial plateau fractures: A meta-analysis

Table 3 Geographic and demographic subgroup analyses, n (%)

Subgroup	Autologous bone graft		Bone substitute		Effect size (95%CI)	P value	Subgroup difference (P value)
	n	Mean/Events	n	Mean/Events
Joint depression (mm)
Western	30	Various	30	Various	MD = 0.17 (-0.58, 0.91)	0.66	N/A
Asian	-	-	-	-	-	-
Secondary collapse
Western	134	63 (47.0)	161	48 (29.8)	RR = 1.45 (1.07, 1.97)	0.02	0.09
Asian	37	5 (13.5)	37	9 (24.3)	RR = 0.56 (0.21, 1.50)	0.25
Operative time (minute)
Western	62	112.0 (42.0)	62	104.0 (36.0)	MD = 8.00 (-5.77, 21.77)	0.25	0.04
Asian	55	110.9 (17.1)	57	87.2 (15.5)	MD = 23.65 (17.63, 29.68)	< 0.001
Blood loss (mL)
Western	73	244.0 (248.7)	76	127.6 (152.9)	MD = 89.97 (42.28, 137.66)	< 0.001	0.48
Asian	18	190.3 (15.6)	20	120.5 (12.3)	MD = 69.80 (60.80, 78.80)	< 0.001
Infection rate
Western	99	2 (2.0%)	147	3 (2.0%)	RR = 0.99 (0.17, 5.82)	0.99	N/A

MD: Mean difference; RR: Risk ratio; N/A: Not applicable (insufficient data for comparison).