Outcomes of autologous bone grafts vs bone substitutes in tibial plateau fractures: A meta-analysis

Table 1 Included study characteristics with subgroup classifications

Ref.	Year	Country	Region	Sample size (BS/AG)	Mean age (BS/AG)	Gender ratio (M:F)	Fracture classification	Fracture complexity	Study quality
Pernaa et al[12], 2011	2011	Finland	Western	5/10	52/58	7:8	Not reported	Unknown	B
Jónsson et al[13], 2015	2015	Sweden	Western	11/9	48.7/49.4	9:11	Schatzker II-III	Simple	B
Heikkilä et al[14], 2011	2011	Finland	Western	14/11	57/50	12:13	AO 41-B2, 41-B3	Complex	A
Russell et al[15], 2008	2008	United States	Western	82/38	43/43	73:46	Schatzker I-VI	Mixed	B
Hofmann et al[8], 2020	2020	Germany	Western	65/68	47.0/46.3	58:75	AO 41-B2, 41-B3, other	Complex	A
An et al[16], 2021	2021	China	Asian	37/37	46.18/48.02	53:21	Schatzker II-VI	Mixed	A
Chen AF et al[17], 2020	2020	China	Asian	20/18	40.3/44.2	18:20	Not reported	Unknown	A

BS: Bone substitute; AG: Autologous bone graft; M:F: Male:Female ratio.