Evaluation of reduction quality and implant positioning in intertrochanteric fracture fixation: A review of key radiographic parameters

Figure 5 Assessment of tip-apex distance and calcar-referenced tip-apex distance: Both measurements are calculated by summing two distances. A: On the anteroposterior view, tip-apex distance (TAD) is measured as the distance from the tip of the screw or blade to the apex of the femoral head (white double-headed arrow), while calcar-referenced tip-apex distance (CalTAD) is the distance to the intersection of the calcar reference line (dark blue) with the femoral head (light blue double-headed arrow). B: On the lateral view, the same distance from the tip to the apex of the femoral head (white double-headed arrow) is added to both TAD and CalTAD measurements.