Augmented reality in total knee arthroplasty: Balancing precision, promise, and challenges in surgical innovation

Table 2 Summary of key studies on augmented reality-assisted total knee arthroplasty

Ref.	Study design	Sample size	AR system	Key focus	Main findings
Tsukada et al[7], 2019	Single-center pilot study	10	AR-KNEE	Tibial resection accuracy	AR provided reliable accuracy in coronal, sagittal, and rotational alignment
Tsukada et al[8], 2021	Prospective controlled trial	74	AR-KNEE	Distal femoral osteotomy accuracy	AR enabled more accurate osteotomy compared to conventional intramedullary guides
Bennett et al[9], 2023	Prospective study	20	AR-AN	Coronal component alignment	Low rate of component malposition in the coronal plane
Su et al[19], 2023	A systematic review and meta-analysis	-	AR-based rehabilitation vs conventional	Pain, function and anxiety	AR-based rehabilitation improved early pain, function, and anxiety
Shim et al[6], 2023	Randomized controlled trial	56	AR-based rehabilitation vs conventional	Function	AR-based rehabilitation may be useful treatment as an alternative to conventional rehabilitation

AR: Augmented reality.