Systematic Reviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Orthop. Jun 18, 2025; 16(6): 106804
Published online Jun 18, 2025. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v16.i6.106804
Table 2 Evaluation of study bias using the methodological index for non-randomized studies
Ref.
Study design
Study type (comparative or non-comparative)
1: clearly stated aim
2: Inclusion of consecutive patients
3: Prospective collection of data
4: End points appropriate to study aim
5: Unbiased assessment of study end point
6: Follow-up period appropriate to study aim
7: Less than 5% lost to follow up
8: Prospective calculation of the study size
9: Adequate control group
10: Contemporary groups
11: Baseline equivalence of groups
12: Adequate statistical analysis
Total score
Clark et al[20]ProspectiveComparative22222220222222
Killinger et al[21]ProspectiveComparative22222220222222
Larsen et al[22]ProspectiveComparative22222220000115
Yow et al[23]Case SeriesNon-Comparative22022220000012
Mortensen et al[24]Case ReportNon-Comparative22022220000012