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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Orthop. Jun 18, 2025; 16(6): 106804
Published online Jun 18, 2025. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v16.i6.106804
Published online Jun 18, 2025. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v16.i6.106804
Table 2 Evaluation of study bias using the methodological index for non-randomized studies
Ref. | Study design | Study type (comparative or non-comparative) | 1: clearly stated aim | 2: Inclusion of consecutive patients | 3: Prospective collection of data | 4: End points appropriate to study aim | 5: Unbiased assessment of study end point | 6: Follow-up period appropriate to study aim | 7: Less than 5% lost to follow up | 8: Prospective calculation of the study size | 9: Adequate control group | 10: Contemporary groups | 11: Baseline equivalence of groups | 12: Adequate statistical analysis | Total score |
Clark et al[20] | Prospective | Comparative | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 22 |
Killinger et al[21] | Prospective | Comparative | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 22 |
Larsen et al[22] | Prospective | Comparative | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 15 |
Yow et al[23] | Case Series | Non-Comparative | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
Mortensen et al[24] | Case Report | Non-Comparative | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
- Citation: Balboni JM, Madhira K, Martinez V, Tung WS, Kennedy JG, Gianakos AL. Effect of blood flow restriction on muscle strength and stability following foot and ankle injury: A systematic review. World J Orthop 2025; 16(6): 106804
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v16/i6/106804.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v16.i6.106804