Advances in research of neutrophil extracellular trap formation in osteoarticular diseases

Figure 2 Schematic diagram of vital NETosis. 1: Pathogen recognition via surface receptors triggers cellular activation; 2: Nuclear lobulation is lost, accompanied by chromatin decondensation; 3: The nuclear envelope undergoes sequential disassembly - outer and inner membranes separate and vesiculate; 4: Nuclear-derived vesicles containing stretched chromatin filaments accumulate in the cytoplasm; 5: Cytoplasmic granules migrate toward the intact plasma membrane while maintaining membrane integrity; 6: Focal plasma membrane rupture enables extracellular DNA release, while selective granule exocytosis deposits antimicrobial proteins onto the expelled chromatin network. Created by Figdraw, ID: USWOWe861a. C. albicans: Candida albicans; S. aureus: Staphylococcus aureus; CR3: Complement receptor 3; TLR2: Toll-like receptor 2.