First metatarsophalangeal joint: Embryology, anatomy and biomechanics

Figure 3 A curved beam and a truss are often utilized when modeling the medial arch[39]. Citation: Ghanem I, Massaad A, Assi A, Rizkallah M, Bizdikian AJ, El Abiad R, Seringe R, Mosca V, Wicart P. Understanding the foot's functional anatomy in physiological and pathological conditions: The calcaneopedal unit concept. J Child Orthop 2019; 13: 134-146. Copyright© The Author(s) 2021. Published by SAGE Publications. This image is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0), which permits non-commercial use, reproduction, and distribution of the work without further permission, provided the original work is properly attributed. License details: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/. A: The longitudinal arch of the foot represented by a truss (F represent vertical descending load). The arrows represent the interior reaction forces; B: The windlass mechanism described by Hicks in 1954: 21 the arch raising movement and ray plantarflexion are synchronous; C: The coronal arch of the foot may be represented by a uni-or a multisegmental arcuate structure: The load produces a compression force at the convexity, and a traction force at the concavity.